Introduction to data visualization

Data visualization is the representation of data through graphics, infographics, charts, maps, and complex data explorations with multiple levels of information. Maps assist with communication, understanding, and decision-making.

Data visualizations provide a spatial context that ties data to location to help people understand information. They can be static—focused on one message—or dynamic, with the ability to analyze and discover new insights.

Designing for flexibility

Designing inclusive data visualizations doesn't mean designing for a universal audience. It means designing information accessible for everyone within your target audience. People approach data with different abilities, preferences, contexts, and tools—even when they share the same goal. A single visual representation may not work equally well for everyone.

When you consider your audience early, you can intentionally design multiple formats of access to the same information. A map may be the primary view, but some individuals may better understand the data through a table, chart, or narrative description. Others may rely on simplified visual treatments, reduced detail, or alternative encodings to interpret patterns. Providing choices allows people to engage with the data in the way that works best for them.